Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants, particularly in cannabis, that contribute to their unique scent and flavor profiles.
They play an important role in the effects of cannabis strains, influencing the sensory experience and the therapeutic benefits. Read on as we explore the most common terpenes, their properties, and the potential effects they offer.
What Are Terpenes?
Terpenes are naturally occurring compounds found in the essential oils of plants. They are responsible for the diverse range of smells that different plants, fruits, and herbs produce, such as the citrusy scent of lemon or the piney aroma of a forest.
Beyond cannabis, terpenes are used in perfumes, food additives, and even cleaning products. In cannabis, terpenes contribute to the entourage effect, enhancing the plant’s medicinal properties alongside cannabinoids like THC and CBD.
1. Myrcene: The Relaxing Terpene
Myrcene is one of the most abundant terpenes found in cannabis. Known for its earthy, musky smell with hints of fruit, myrcene is also present in mangoes, thyme, and lemongrass.
It is often associated with sedative effects and may help with relaxation and sleep. Myrcene’s ability to enhance the permeability of cell membranes is believed to make it easier for cannabinoids to enter the bloodstream, amplifying the effects of THC.
Benefits: Relaxation, pain relief, anti-inflammatory properties.
Commonly Found In: Mangoes, thyme, lemongrass.
A guide to properties of terpenes
2. Limonene: The Uplifting Citrus
Limonene, as its name suggests, is responsible for the citrusy scent found in lemons, oranges, and other citrus fruits. This terpene is known for its uplifting and energizing effects, making it a popular choice for those seeking mood enhancement.
Limonene may also have antibacterial and antifungal properties, contributing to its use in cleaning products and cosmetics.
Benefits: Mood enhancement, stress relief, antibacterial properties.
Commonly Found In: Citrus fruits, peppermint, juniper.
3. Pinene: The Memory Booster
Pinene is a terpene that has a fresh, piney aroma reminiscent of a walk through the woods. It exists in two forms: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene.
Alpha-pinene is more commonly found and is known for its anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator properties. It has been studied for its potential to improve memory retention, making it an intriguing compound for those interested in cognitive health.
Benefits: Anti-inflammatory, memory retention, improved respiratory function.
Commonly Found In: Pine trees, rosemary, basil.
4. Linalool: The Calming Lavender Scent
Linalool is the terpene responsible for the distinct floral scent of lavender. Known for its calming and anti-anxiety effects, linalool is often used in aromatherapy to reduce stress and promote relaxation.
In cannabis, linalool can help balance out the effects of THC, making strains high in linalool less likely to cause anxiety or paranoia.
Benefits: Anxiety relief, sedation, anti-inflammatory properties.
Commonly Found In: Lavender, mint, cinnamon.
5. Beta-Caryophyllene: The Spicy Anti-Inflammatory
Beta-caryophyllene is a unique terpene because it also acts as a cannabinoid, directly interacting with the body’s CB2 receptors. This spicy, peppery terpene is known for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties.
It is commonly found in black pepper, cloves, and cinnamon. Due to its interaction with CB2 receptors, beta-caryophyllene is being researched for its potential in treating inflammation, pain, and anxiety.
Benefits: Anti-inflammatory, pain relief, stress reduction.
Commonly Found In: Black pepper, cloves, cinnamon.
Terpenes to boost your mood
6. Terpinolene: The Fresh and Herbal Terpene
Terpinolene is a multi-dimensional terpene with a fresh, floral, and herbal aroma. It’s less common in cannabis than other terpenes but can be found in strains that are known for their uplifting and energizing effects.
Terpinolene is believed to have antioxidant, sedative, and antibacterial properties, making it a versatile terpene in the plant world.
Benefits: Antioxidant, sedative, antibacterial properties.
Commonly Found In: Lilacs, apples, nutmeg.
7. Humulene: The Appetite Suppressant
Humulene is a terpene with an earthy, woody aroma that is also present in hops, giving the beer its distinct smell. Unlike other terpenes, which can enhance appetite, humulene may suppress it.
This terpene is known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties and is being studied for its potential in weight management and pain relief.
Benefits: Appetite suppression, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties.
Commonly Found In: Hops, coriander, cloves.
8. Ocimene: The Sweet and Fruity Terpene
Ocimene is known for its sweet, fruity, and citrusy aroma and can be found in a variety of fruits and herbs. It is commonly used in perfumes and fragrances because of its pleasant scent.
Ocimene is believed to have antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it an important terpene for wellness and skincare.
Benefits: Antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Commonly Found In: Basil, mangoes, parsley.
Choose the best terpene for your needs
9. Geraniol: The Floral Fragrance
Geraniol is a sweet, floral terpene with hints of rose, peaches, and citrus. Often used in perfumes and cosmetics, geraniol has a pleasant aroma that is both calming and refreshing.
Beyond its fragrance, geraniol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which makes it beneficial for skin care and overall wellness.
Benefits: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
Commonly Found In: Roses, lemongrass, blueberries.
10. Eucalyptol: The Invigorating Terpene
Eucalyptol, also known as cineole, is the terpene responsible for the refreshing, minty scent of eucalyptus. It is commonly used in cough suppressants and cold remedies because of its ability to improve respiratory function.
Eucalyptol is known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antifungal properties, making it a terpene of interest in medicine and aromatherapy.
Benefits: Anti-inflammatory, pain relief, improved respiratory function.
Commonly Found In: Eucalyptus, rosemary, bay leaves.
11. Valencene: The Citrus Energy Boost
Valencene is a lesser-known terpene that has a citrusy, sweet, and tangy aroma. It is commonly found in oranges and grapefruits and is used in the perfume industry for its fresh, zesty scent.
Valencene is known for its anti-inflammatory and insect-repellent properties, making it a versatile terpene with potential therapeutic applications.
Benefits: Anti-inflammatory, insect repellent, antioxidant properties.
Commonly Found In: Oranges, grapefruits, tangerines.
The Power of Terpenes
Terpenes are far more than just aromatic compounds; they play a crucial role in the therapeutic effects of cannabis and other plants.
Whether you’re seeking relaxation, pain relief, or an energy boost, understanding the properties of different terpenes can help you make more informed decisions when choosing cannabis strains or essential oils. From the calming effects of linalool to the energizing properties of limonene, terpenes offer a natural way to enhance your well-being.
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